Monday, August 5, 2024

SAFE DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTES Multiple chioce exercise

Choose the correct option according to the information of the text  

SAFE DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTES

 Hazardous wastes must be deposited in so-called secure landfills, which provide at least 3 metres


(10 feet) of separation between the bottom of the landfill and
the underlying bedrock or groundwater table. A secure hazardous-waste landfill must have two impermeable liners and leachate collection systems. The double leachate collection system consists of a network of perforated pipes placed above each liner. The upper system prevents the accumulation of leachate trapped in the fill, and the lower serves as a backup. Collected leachate is pumped to a treatment plant. In order to reduce the amount of leachate in the fill and minimize the potential for environmental damage, an impermeable cap or cover is placed over a finished landfill.

A groundwater monitoring system that includes a series of deep wells drilled in and around the site is also required. The wells allow a routine program of sampling and testing to detect any leaks or groundwater contamination. If a leak does occur, the wells can be pumped to intercept the polluted water and bring it to the surface for treatment.

One option for the disposal of liquid hazardous waste is deep-well injection, a procedure that involves pumping liquid waste through a steel casing into a porous layer of limestone or sandstone. High pressures are applied to force the liquid into the pores and fissures of the rock, where it is to be permanently stored. The injection zone must lie below a layer of impervious rock or clay, and it may extend more than 0.8 km (0.5 mile) below the surface. Deep-well injection is relatively inexpensive and requires little or no pretreatment of the waste, but it poses a danger of leaking hazardous waste and eventually polluting subsurface water supplies.

1.¿Cuál es la separación mínima requerida entre el fondo de un vertedero seguro y la roca madre o la capa freática subyacente? a) 1 metro (3 pies)

b) 2 metros (6 pies)

c) 3 metros (10 pies)

d) 4 metros (13 pies)

 2.¿Cuántos revestimientos impermeables debe tener un vertedero seguro de residuos peligrosos? 

a) Uno

b) Dos

c) Tres

d) Cuatro

3.¿Cuál es la función del sistema superior de recolección de lixiviados en un vertedero seguro? 

a) Servir como respaldo

b) Prevenir la acumulación de lixiviados atrapados en el relleno

c) Detectar fugas

d) Monitorear la calidad del aire

4.¿Qué se hace con el lixiviado recolectado en un vertedero seguro? 

a) Se almacena en el mismo sitio

b) Se quema

c) Se bombea a una planta de tratamiento

d) Se libera en el suelo

5.¿Cuál es el propósito de colocar una tapa impermeable sobre un vertedero terminado? 

a) Mejorar la estética del lugar

b) Reducir la cantidad de lixiviados en el relleno

c) Facilitar la recolección de residuos

d) Permitir la reutilización del sitio

6.¿Qué incluye un sistema de monitoreo de aguas subterráneas en un vertedero seguro? 

a) Cámaras de vigilancia

b) Una serie de pozos profundos perforados en y alrededor del sitio

c) Sensores de temperatura

d) Redes de tuberías

7.¿Qué se hace si se detecta una fuga en el sistema de monitoreo de aguas subterráneas? 

a) Se ignora

b) Se sellan los pozos

c) Se bombean los pozos para interceptar el agua contaminada y llevarla a la superficie para su tratamiento

d) Se traslada el vertedero a otro lugar

8.¿Qué tipo de roca se utiliza en el procedimiento de inyección profunda de residuos líquidos peligrosos? 

a) Granito

b) Mármol

c) Caliza o arenisca

d) Basalto

 

 

 

THERMOGRPHY (QUESTIONS)

 Answer the questions with the data of the text

THERMOGRAPHY:   WHAT IS IT AND WHAT IS ITS INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION?

28 de August de 2020

Thermography analyzes have become a very common method in the industry thanks to their effectiveness in preventing breakdowns and the wide variety of applications they offer. In this post we explain what this technology consists of, what its main advantages are and in which areas it is usually used.

What is thermography and how does it work?                          

Thermography is a technique used to measure the temperature of objects, places and living beings from a distance. For this, thermal or thermovision cameras are used. These equipments capture the wavelength of infrared radiation emitted by the molecules of the bodies and analyze the data obtained, together with other physical properties of the surface and the environment, to calculate the values ​​accurately.

The result of infrared thermography is a two-dimensional radiometric image of objects, in which each pixel defines the temperature of an area. Thus, the global and local thermal characteristics are obtained, being able to diagnose possible pathologies in materials and buildings.

Advantages of infrared thermography

Thermography has a number of distinctive features that are very beneficial for organizations that decide to incorporate it into their procedures. This is one of its most outstanding features:

Non invasive

Thermographic analyzes are non-destructive tests that do not produce any type of damage on the studied components. This means that, unlike what happens with destructive tests, the materials retain their physical and functional characteristics intact, and can continue to be used as normal.

                                       Available at https://www.infinitiaresearch.com (Acceso 5 de agosto, 2024) Image: Google.com

1. 1. ¿Qué es la termografía y cómo funciona?

2.  2. ¿Qué tipo de cámaras se utilizan en la termografía?

3.  3. ¿Cómo capturan las cámaras térmicas la radiación infrarroja emitida por los cuerpos?

4.  4. ¿Qué tipo de imagen produce la termografía infrarroja?

5.  5. ¿Qué información proporciona cada píxel en una imagen radiométrica bidimensional?

6.  6. ¿Cuáles son algunas de las ventajas más destacadas de la termografía infrarroja?

7.  7. ¿Por qué se considera que los análisis termográficos son no invasivos?

8.  8. ¿Qué diferencia hay entre las pruebas termográficas y las pruebas destructivas?

9.  9. ¿Cómo ayuda la termografía a diagnosticar posibles patologías en materiales y edificios?

1010. ¿Qué implica que los materiales mantengan sus características físicas y funcionales intactas después de un análisis termográfico?

SAFE DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTES Multiple chioce exercise

Choose the correct option according to the information of the text     SAFE DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTES   Hazardous wastes must be depo...